The 16th U.S. Cavalry Regiment's mission is to train mounted force leaders in the operation, training and maintenance of armor and cavalry weapons, equipment and units from platoon through brigade, to meet current and 21st century war fighting needs.At any particular time,more than 500 students are attending one of the regiment's 10 peacetime courses which train Armor Force leaders from brigade commander to tank commander. The regiment also provides technical over watch and subject matter expertise in the development and evaluation of mounted force doctrine, training development and force development. The regiment demonstrates excellence in mounted operations, capabilities, tactics, techniques and procedures for the Armor Force. Its 1,700 Soldiers and civilians are the backbone of world-class instruction and personnel support to Fort Knox and the local community. The regiment is composed of seven subordinate units including the 1st, 2nd and 3rd squadrons, the 113th Army Band (Dragoons), the 233rd Transportation Company, the 19th Engineer Battalion and the Regimental Headquarters Troop.

The 1st Squadron, 16th Cavalry Regiment is a proud unit performing a tough mission to provide Soldier and equipment support to the Armor School while keeping Soldiers trained and ready for the future. The squadron is organized into six ground troops comprised of more than 750 Soldiers and civilians dedicated to the success of all leader training at Fort Knox. Additionally, the squadron is frequently called upon to highlight armor's role as an essential element of the Army's combined arms team. The Army's largest cavalry squadron accomplishes this by participation in exercises, displays and community events such as the Armor Conference and West Point Cadet Mounted Maneuver Training.

The 2nd Squadron trains and supports the Regiment's Core Course, The Basic Officer Leader Course III, the Instructor Operator Course and the New Equipment Training Team. The squadron's core mission is to train newly commissioned Army armor lieutenants, selected Marine Corps officers and foreign allied officers in the technical trade of mounted warfare. The New Equipment Training Team provides individual, crew and collective training in support of unit transition to the latest technology and Army combat systems.

The 3rd Squadron trains and professionally develops mounted officers to command at company/troop, battalion/squadron and brigade/regimental levels. The squadron is responsible for the execution of programs of instruction for the Armor Captain's Career Course, Armor Pre-Command Course, the Scout Leader's Course, the Master Gunner Course and the Cavalry Leader's Course. In addition to these courses, the squadron provides professional development, combat support and combat service support instruction to the Armor Officer Basic Course and the Army National Guard.