The Original Presidio of Monterey
The military has played a vital role on the Monterey Peninsula since the area was "discovered" and claimed for Spain by Sebastian Vizcaino in 1602. Vizcaino named the Bay Monterey, in honor of his benefactor, Gaspar de Zuniga y Acevedo, Conde de (count of) Monterrey, then viceroy of New Spain (Mexico). The Monterey Bay area was colonized by a small Spanish expedition that reached Monterey Bay in May 1770. Captain Don Gaspar de Portola commanded the military component of this expedition, and Franciscan Father Junipero Serra was in charge of the religious element. Portola officially took possession of Alta (Upper) California for Spain, and Serra celebrated a Thanksgiving mass, on June 3, 1770. Portola established a presidio (fort) and mission at the southern end of Monterey Bay the same day, in accordance with his orders to "erect a fort to occupy and defend the port from attacks by the Russians, who are about to invade us." Portola's actions were spurred by the Spanish fear that other nations, particularly Russia had designs upon her New World Empire. Spain then moved to occupy that portion of the western American coast that she had previously neglected. The Monterey Presidio was one of four presidios and 21 missions established by Spain in California.

The original Presidio consisted of a square of adobe building located near Lake El Estero in the vicinity of what is now downtown Monterey. The fort's original mission, the Royal Presidio Chapel, established it in 1770, was renovated and reopened in 2008. The original Presidio was protected by a small fort with 11 cannons, called El Castillo. It was built in 1792 on land now part of the present Presidio of Monterey. The original Presidio fell into disrepair, as Mexican rule replaced that of Spain in California in 1822.

Fort Mervine
Commodore John Drake Sloat, commanding the U.S. Pacific Squadron, seized Monterey in July 1846, during the Mexican War. He landed unopposed with a small force in Monterey and claimed the territory and the Presidio for the United States. He left a small garrison of Marines and seamen who began improving defenses near the former El Castillo, to better protect the town and the harbor. The new defenses were named Fort Mervine in honor of Captain William Mervine, who commanded one of the ships in Sloat's squadron. Company F, 3rd Artillery Regiment arrived in Monterey in January 1847, and the U.S. Army then assumed from the Navy responsibility for the continuing construction of Fort Mervine. Two of the artillery lieutenants, William Tecumseh Sherman and E.O.C. Ord, plus Engineer Lieutenant Henry W. Halleck, became prominent generals during the Civil War.

During its early history, this fortification seemed to have many names, including Fort Halleck, Fort Savannah, and the Monterey Redoubt. In 1852, the Monterey Redoubt was renamed the Monterey Ordnance Depot and used until 1856 as a military storehouse. From 1856 to the closing months of the Civil War, the fort, then called Ord Barracks, was abandoned. It was manned again in 1865, and abandoned a second time in 1866, although the U.S. Government "reserved" for possible future use a 140-acre military reservation surrounding the redoubt.

The Modern Presidio of Monterey
Near the end of the Philippine Insurrection in 1902, the Army recognized it needed additional forts, particularly on the West Coast. As possible sites were being surveyed, the Army "discovered" that it already owned a large area in Monterey that would be suitable for a military post. In July 1902, the Army announced plans to build a cantonment area and station one infantry regiment at Monterey. The 15th Infantry Regiment, which had fought in China and the Philippines, arrived in Monterey in September 1902 and began building the cantonment area. The 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry, "Buffalo Soldiers," arrived shortly thereafter. In 1902, the name of the cantonment area was the Monterey Military Reservation. It was changed to Ord Barracks on July 13, 1903, and to the Presidio of Monterey on Aug. 30, 1904. Various infantry regiments rotated through the Presidio of Monterey, including the 15th Infantry (1902-1906), 20th Infantry (1906-1909), and 12th Infantry (1909-1917), frequently with supporting cavalry and artillery elements. The Army School of Musketry, the forerunner of the Infantry School, operated at the Presidio of Monterey from 1907 to 1913. In 1917, the U.S. War Department purchased a nearby parcel of 15,609.5 acres of land, called the Gigling Reservation, to use as training areas for Presidio of Monterey troops. This post, supplemented by additional acreage, was renamed Fort Ord on Aug. 15, 1940.

The 11th Cavalry Regiment was posted at the Presidio from 1919 to 1940, and the 2nd Battalion, 76th Field Artillery Regiment, from 1922 to 1940. During the summer months, Presidio soldiers organized and led Civilian Conservation Corps, Citizens' Military Training Corps, and Reserve Officer Training Corps camps in the local area. In 1940, the Presidio became the temporary headquarters of the III Corps, and served as a reception center until 1944. Declared inactive in late 1944, the Presidio was reopened in 1945 and served as a Civil Affairs Staging and Holding Area for civil affairs soldiers preparing for the occupation of Japan.

The Defense Language Institute Foreign

Language Center Military Intelligence Service Language School
On Nov. 1, 1941, the Army established the Fourth U.S. Army Intelligence School at the Presidio of San Francisco to teach the Japanese language to Japanese-American (Nisei) soldiers to use in a possible conflict with Japan. War broke out in December 1941, and in 1942 the school was moved to Minnesota and renamed the Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS). Almost all of the 6,000 wartime graduates of the MISLS were trained in Japanese. Army Language School In 1946 the MISLS was moved to the Presidio of Monterey. It added Russian, Chinese, Korean, Arabic, and six other languages to its curriculum, and was renamed the Army Language School (ALS) in 1947. The size of the faculty and student classes and number of languages taught increased throughout the Cold War years.

Defense Language Institute
Different service language schools were combined in 1963, when the ALS was re-designated the Defense Language Institute, West Coast Branch (DLIWC), with its headquarters in Washington, D.C. The Navy school became the Defense Language Institute East Coast Branch. The Air Force programs were phased out by 1970. The U.S. Air Force English Language School for foreign military personnel at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, became the Defense Language Institute English Language Center. During the Vietnam conflict the need for Vietnamese language training was so great that a special branch, the Defense Language Institute Southwest Branch, was established at Biggs Air Force Base near El Paso, Texas. This branch was phased out in 1973, but not before DLI had exposed more than 20,000 servicemembers to the Vietnamese language.

When the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command was established in 1973, DLI was placed under its control. In 1974, the DLI headquarters and the East Coast Branch merged with the West Coast Branch at the Presidio of Monterey. In 1976, the English Language Center was separated from the rest of DLI, and the school at Monterey became the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC).

Defense Language Institute
Foreign Language Center
The mission of the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center is to provide foreign language instruction in support of national security requirements; to support and evaluate command language programs worldwide; to conduct academic research into the language learning process; and to administer a worldwide standard test and evaluation system. The DLIFLC continues to evolve and expand its language course offerings in the wake of the end of the Cold War and to support the Global War on Terrorism. Currently training over 3,000 resident students in over 20 languages and dialects yearly on the POM, the institute also offers over 80 different language programs through the DLI-Washington contract program. DLIFLC provides quality foreign language training for members of the United States armed forces and other government agencies. More than 145,000 students, from recruits, just out of basic training, to senior officers, have graduated from DLIFLC since 1941.

DLIFLC was granted academic accreditation in 1979 and degree granting status in 2002 in recognition of it status as the premier foreign language training institution in the world. During the 1980s instructor-to-student ratios increased, and with the introduction of advanced teaching techniques and informationage technology, average student language proficiency steadily increased.

The Institute's major goal is to ensure that graduates meet the requirements of the agencies assigning them to foreign language study. The Institute must therefore provide instructional programs that are responsive to the foreign language needs of a wide variety of Department of Defense and federal positions throughout the world. These programs must meet high standards so that students can develop functional language skills for professional use in realworld communications situations.

DLIFLC recognizes the value of both education and training in providing language instruction. The school follows a systems approach to instruction, with the principle of job-relevant instruction central to curriculum development, implementation, and evaluation. Instruction is student-oriented so that effective learning can take place. Languages cannot be learned well in a cultural vacuum. Language and culture are intricately intertwined. Therefore, at DLIFLC, language skills are developed to incorporate the value systems, behavior patterns, institutions, geography, and political, economic, and social systems of the areas where the target language is spoken. To provide the highest quality instruction, DLIFLC supports a number of programs that assist DLIFLC faculty and staff members to reach their full professional potential. The Institute also directs research into the development of computer-assisted language learning programs. DLIFLC offers over 20 foreign languages and dialects to about 4,000 students annually. The student body is composed of servicemembers from each of the armed forces, as well as a small number of employees from the Department of Defense and various federal agencies.

Assignments for DLIFLC graduates include radio intercept operator, interpreter, interrogator, translator, embassy attachment, Foreign Area Officer, and assignments in the intelligence community. The major language departments at the Institute are based on student enrollments: Arabic, Chinese, Korean, and Persian Farsi. Whether one is enrolled in 18 months of Arabic, or taking one of the shorter six-month courses such as Spanish, the academic regimen is rigorous. Students attend class six hours a day and complete some three hours of homework each night. A typical school day covers two weeks of normal college language curriculum. In addition to their academic responsibilities, the students also must meet their military requirements, including: barracks room inspections, military formations and physical fitness training.

DLI Alumni Association
The DLI Alumni Association (DLIAA) was founded in November 2001. The purpose of the Association is to promote the institutional advancement of the DLIFLC and the Alumni of DLIFLC by developing, coordinating, and promoting programs that attract support and participation of DLI Alumni; by offering opportunities for career networking and mentoring; by showcasing DLIFLC academic programs, and student/ alumni and faculty achievements; by coordinating events, seminars, dinners, and speaking tours; and by bringing together the Alumni in a professional and social setting. For more information on the Association and its activities, please visit us online at http://www.dli-alumni.org or phone (831) 242-6882 and leave a voice message.

U.S. Army Garrison,
Presidio of Monterey
For many years the Presidio was a sub-installation of the nearby Fort Ord. When Fort Ord closed on 30 September 1994, the Presidio of Monterey again became a separate installation under TRADOC. It retained some military family housing and support facilities at the former Fort Ord, such as the Post Exchange and Commissary in the Ord Military Community. When the Army established the Installation Management Agency, on Oct. 1, 2003, the Presidio of Monterey Garrison was separated from TRADOC, although the garrison continues to support the main tenant, DLIFLC. On Oct. 24, 2006 all Army garrisons were realigned under the U.S. Army Installation Management Command to provide better service throughout the Army. The Garrison staff provides the full range of service functions to tenant commands, Service Members and Family Members.

Directions to Presidio
of Monterey/Defense Language Institute

Air Travel
Several flights arrive at the Monterey Peninsula Airport each day. Limousine and taxi service is available from the airport to the Presidio. If you arrive by air, report to the limousine service desk for transportation to DLI. Be sure to keep receipts for ground transportation to DLI for reimbursement later.

Mineta San Jose International Airport is next in proximity to Monterey. Find out more about it here: http://www.sjc.org/index.html San Jose Airport USO information: http:// affiliates.uso.org/northerncalifornia/files/sjc.htm If flying into the San Francisco International Airport, visit the USO lounge in the airport. It is comfortable and has services for military travelers and their family members. The USO, open 24 hours every day, is located on the second floor of the main terminal above the United Airlines ticket counters. Oakland International airport is in the East Bay. More information can be found here: http://www.flyoakland.com/index2.cfm

Driving from the North
Use Highway 101 South to the Monterey Peninsula exit near Prunedale (Highway 156 West). This five-mile road leads to Highway 1 South. At the mouth of the Monterey Bay, Highway 1 South travels on the outskirts of Marina and Seaside, as well as the former Fort Ord, now called the Ord Military Community (OMC). Continue along Highway 1 South until just south of the Seaside city limits; then take the Del Monte exit. Follow Del Monte until you approach the Fisherman's Wharf intersection. At this point there are two choices to get to the installation:

(1) Move to the left lane at the Fisherman's Wharf intersection. Follow straight ahead, passing the Portola Plaza Hotel of Monterey (on your right). At Pacific Street turn left. Go one block, turn right and go up Franklin Street. At the crest of the hill you'll be entering the Presidio of Monterey at the Franklin Street Gate. Sign in at Taylor Hall (Building 616) during duty hours. If you're arriving during non-duty hours, report to your respective service's duty office.

(2) Move to the right lane at the Fisherman's Wharf intersection and follow the signs to Cannery Row. Go through the tunnel, and then get into the right lane. Veer right onto Foam Street. Take the first left turn. Then take an immediate left again onto Lighthouse Avenue (because you can't make a left from Lighthouse onto Pvt. Bolio road). Turn right onto Pvt. Bolio Road. It will take you onto the Presidio via Pvt. Bolio Road. At the top of the hill (the third stop sign), turn left onto Lawton Road (unmarked). This stretch of road connects the Franklin Street Gate and Taylor Street Gate. The first building on your left is Rasmussen Hall (Building 614—a long, twostory building). The first building to the right, on the corner, is Taylor Hall (Building 616—a square, two-story building).

Driving from the South
Use Highway 101 to Salinas. Follow Highway 68 signs to Monterey Peninsula/Highway 1 to the Pacific Grove City/17-Mile Drive turnoff (Highway 68). Turn right. Follow Highway 68 to Prescott Avenue. Turn right on Prescott Avenue. At the first traffic light, turn right on Taylor Street. Within one block's distance you'll enter the Presidio through the Taylor Street Gate. Immediately after entering through the Taylor Street Gate turn left onto Lawton Road. Follow Lawton Road until you pass Pvt. Bolio and Kit Carson Roads.

Check-in
Both Taylor Hall and Rasmussen Hall are on Lawton Road. If you're arriving during the day, go to Taylor Hall (Building 616), located at the corner of Lawton and Rifle Range Roads near the Franklin Street Gate. After duty hours, go to your respective service duty office (read farther for service specific information). POM Gates, Hours of Operation (Gate hours are subject to change.)

Franklin Street Gate is open from 4:45 a.m. to 10 p.m., 7 days per week-vehicle and pedestrian access. Visitor passes are issued during gate hours. The gate is open 24 hours for pedestrian access. Pvt. Bolio Gate is open 24 hours per day, 7 days per week for vehicle and pedestrian access. Visitor passes are issued 24 hours a day for authorized visitors with license, proof of insurance and vehicle registration.

Taylor Street Gate is open from 4:45 a.m. to 10 p.m., 7 days per week for vehicle and pedestrian access. No visitor passes are issued at this gate. High Street Gate is open from 4:45 a.m. to 10 p.m., 7 days per week for vehicle and pedestrian access. No visitor passes are issued at this gate. In-Processing at POM

After finishing with their unit in-processing, all servicemembers must attend the Joint Service In-processing Brief (JSIB), which is mandatory for all newly assigned military members of all ranks and services. The JSIB is conducted to provide a one-stop in-processing station to ensure military members process with all installation/ community level agencies. JSIB is conducted every Tuesday. The JSIB consists of briefings and in-processing stations.

The JSIB briefing includes: Military Personnel Division (for Army personnel only —personnel records will be collected), U.S. Army Health Clinic (medical records will be collected); Education Center; Associate of Arts Degree Program; Army Community Services; Morale, Welfare, and Recreation; Transportation Office; Presidio of Monterey Police Department; Vehicle Registration; Chaplain's Office; Finance (for Army personnel only); Safety Briefing, Inspector General; Equal Opportunity; Anti-Terrorism/ Force Protection; Legal Assistance; The Parks at Monterey Bay (Family Housing); and Dental Clinic (dental records will be collected). Inprocessing stations include: Military Personnel Division; 229th Military Intelligence Battalion; Medical Clinic; Dental Clinic; Army Community Services; Outdoor Recreation; Transportation Office; School Liaison Office; Associate of Arts Degree Program; Vehicle Registration (DoD decal and parking stickers); and the Parks at Monterey Bay.

For more information, please contact the Directorate of Human Resources, U.S. Army Garrison, Presidio of Monterey at (831) 242-6319/6366 or DSN 768-6319/6366.

Military UnitsAboard POM
U.S. Army
229th Military Intelligence Battalion Mission: The 229th Military Intelligence Battalion provides the Army Ready Soldier Linguists. The Commander's priorities include: Develop Leaders; Mental, Physical, Moral Fitness (Discipline), and Teamwork. Our Soldiers strive to become linguists for the Army who are: Soldiers First and Intelligence Professionals second to none. We balance military and academic training, maximizing the potential for Soldier success in DLIFLC's culturally based foreign language education and training. We promote the Warrior Ethos, lifelong learning, and combat readiness, while ensuring the welfare of Soldiers and their families. We encourage agile and adaptive leaders to lead with initiative, courage, and discipline and engage the community positively as contributing citizens and neighbors.

On average, 900 Soldiers face challenging language education at any given time during the year. Combined with permanent party cadre, personnel strength exceeds 1,000 Soldiers in the battalion. With that, the 229th Military Intelligence Battalion is one of the largest battalions in TRADOC and the largest military intelligence battalion in the U.S. Army. Six companies comprise the battalion. Each company is responsible for the billeting, discipline, morale and welfare of its Soldiers. Companies A, B, C, D and F provide command, control, training, administration, and supply support to Initial Entry Training (IET) Soldiers' and Careerist Soldiers through the rank of SSG. Over 40 percent of the Soldiers attending DLI are IET Soldiers.

Company E provides command, control, training, administration, and supply support to assigned and attached careerist student personnel, including officers. They also coordinate with the Foreign Area Officer program coordinator to enhance foreign area officer assignments, training and administrative support. All the units work closely with the language schools to monitor student progress and implement additional language training programs if needed. In addition to language and military skills training, the Soldiers of the 229th participate in a wide range of intramural athletics and community service activities. For further details, please visit the following Web site http://www. monterey.army.mil/tenants/229/battalion.html. Headquarters and Headquarters Company The primary mission of HHC, DLIFLC & POM is to provide Command and Control for the installation. This company is comprised only of permanently assigned Soldiers to DLIFLC & POM. Soldiers that belong to this company include the installation Staff, all Army Military Language Instructors (MLI) and all Army support elements at DLIFLC not assigned to the 229th MI BN.

On average, 100 Soldiers are assigned to this company. HHC Soldiers are actively engaged in the administration of the Institute as well as teaching the military aspects of language instruction to linguist students from all military services. Military Language Instructors in HHC teach Arabic (Modern and Iraqi Dialect), Chinese, Korean, Persian Farsi, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, and many others.

U.S. Air Force:
311th and 314th
Training Squadrons
The mission of the 311th and 314th Training Squadrons is to train Airmen as linguists, develop airmen skills and instill Air Force values. Airmen are not only taught a language but also the values and military skills necessary to excel as Airmen and linguists. Both squadrons are headquartered in Building 627. On average, nearly 1,200 Airmen study a language at any given time. Shortly after arrival, personnel will be assigned to a Military Training Flight (MTF) according to the language they will be learning. The function of the MTF is to provide Airman with readiness training while supporting the language-training mission of the Institute. Military Training Leaders (MTL) provide guidance to students on military training issues while Academic Training Advisors (ATA) work closely with the schools and students to ensure academic needs are being met.

The academic regimen is rigorous. Airmen attend class six hours a day and complete two hours of homework each night. A typical school day covers two weeks of normal college language curriculum and the typical language course is the equivalent of over six years of college language training. The Training Squadrons work closely with the language schools to monitor student progress and implement additional language training programs. Students are provided an introductory course, Jump Start, as well as Smart Start and Post Language Training to maximize opportunities for success.